Shabana Azmi is right about one thing…

…Muslims need to look within their own community and build reforms within it.

Last weekend, I finally managed to read the entire transcript of the Karan Thapar – Shabana Azmi interview and stumbled upon this bit in which she comments on the need for reform within the Muslim community:

Karan Thapar: Today, not just abroad but even in India, people say that Muslims have to take on the onus of changing the image of their religion and the image of the community. Is that a fair thing to say?

Shabana Azmi: I think it is. I would accept that because I don’t think that the Muslim leadership has bothered to clear the air about what Islam is all about….

And:

Karan Thapar: Do Indians, particularly those who aren’t Muslims, understand the extent of these problems that we have created by this prejudice for the 14-15 per cent Muslim minority? Do you think people understand this?

Shabana Azmi: Yes, and no. And when they don’t, I think it’s about time that Indian Muslims stopped viewing themselves as Muslims. I think otherwise they tend to get into that victim mode.

Karan Thapar: But what can they do?

Shabana Azmi: Firstly, you have to look within your community, you have to build reforms within it. You have to say that you want to look into things like education.

Yesterday,  I was also alerted to this speech by Asghar Ali Engineer which is a great example of how some voices of reason are finally being heard within the Muslim community. Some excerpts:

…Of course it is not at all correct to say that Islam is incompatible to democracy, I said in my talk. …

We should remember, I said, that the Qur’an does not give any concept of state but a concept of society. Qur’an wants to establish a just society and what other way could be better suited to establish a just society than a democratic society. Also the Qur’an emphasizes equality of all human beings and equal dignity for all despite different languages, colours and race and nationality. How can it be achieved except through democratic society?

…The modern society is emphatic about human equality without any distinction and human rights and gender equality are of great significance and hence democracy is the only way out for Qur’anic concept of just society to be realized..

…Another question which is raised by Islamists is imposition of Shari’ah law. They argue that in democracy there are man made (human made) laws and Shari’ah law is divine law and this cannot be allowed in an Islamic state as only Shari’ah law should be enforced. This is also an erroneous concept. Shari’ah laws can be divided into two categories: ‘ibadat and mu’amalat (i.e. laws pertaining to salah, saum, haj etc. which are part of ‘ibadat.

Then the laws pertaining to mu’amalat which include relations between human beings and human beings. Laws about mu’amalat cannot be permanent. Of course no changes can be made as far as Shari’ah laws concerning ‘ibadat are concerned but as for mu’amalat laws cannot be permanent and parliament should be empowered to make laws in those respects. All modern democracies allow people to pursue their respective religions and do not interfere in their religious affairs. In all secular democracies also right to religion is a fundamental right.

…Thus no Islamic state is required even to enforce provisions of Shari’ah. An Islamic state again would mean the majority of Muslim sect who live in that country would enjoy real freedom and those Muslims who belong to other sects would be persecuted. We see this right in the beginning of Islamic history…..In modern Islamic states too we see this phenomenon. In Saudi Arabia only Wahabi Muslims enjoy real freedom of religion. …Similarly the Shias are persecuted in Sunni majority states and Sunnis in Shiah majority states. In Iraq a Sunni minority dominated and persecuted Shi’ahs and in Syria, Alawi minority dominate over Sunni majority as it wields political power.

Real freedom of religion is possible only in democratic state where all enjoy equal rights irrespective of caste, creed and colour. Large number of Muslims today live as minority in various secular democratic states in various Asian, African and Western countries and enjoy right to freely practice their religion. This it is not correct to maintain that you need an Islamic state to practice Islam freely.

…In secular India too Muslims are completely free to practice these laws. Indian Muslim refuse any reform in their laws and state does not insist on that though in many Muslim countries these laws have been reformed.

…Another objection raised by many Islamists is that in secular democratic states human rights are sacred and the very concept of human rights is un-Islamic. This is also not in keeping with the Qur’anic teachings.

…Thus we must properly educate Muslim masses and prepare them for acceptance of democracy in Islamic world. They should be made aware that those who oppose democracy in the name of Islam are really serving certain vested interests rather than Islam. Islamic world is still reeling under the impact of feudal and medieval forces who serve their own interests in the name of Islam. Islam is quite compatible with democracy. It is rather interests of rulers of Muslim countries which are not compatible with democracy.

Indonesia, I said in my lectures, has achieved democracy after a long spell under dictatorship and it must be protected at any cost and all religious minorities also should be guaranteed full freedom to follow their respective religion. Tolerance of differences is an important principle of democracy and due tolerance should be shown to all different religious opinions too. It will not violate any Islamic principle at all.

All good points although a few things stuck out:

  • Asghar Ali has avoided mentioning religion in this sentence: “…the Qur’an emphasizes equality of all human beings and equal dignity for all despite different languages, colours and race and nationality”. The question is: Does the Quran emphasize equality of all human beings despite different religion(s) or not?
  • “…Indian Muslim refuse any reform in their laws…” – self explanatory
  • …and finally, time and again I have noticed how Muslim scholars insist and repeat that “Tolerance of differences is an important principle of democracy and due tolerance should be shown to all different religious opinions too…” Why dont people use the word “Acceptance”? I dont want to be tolerated – I want to feel accepted…

As for Shabana’s comments re. housing blues in Mumbai, I would like to reproduce some excerpts from an excellent article: “Forget Babri, check out monks’ wooden slippers” by Sh Nitish Sengupta (emphasis mine):

….The example which she chose as an illustration, that she could not buy a flat in Mumbai on account of being a Muslim, is trivial and misleading, and not weighty enough to justify the conclusion she has drawn. It is hard to believe that she could not buy a flat in Mumbai when so many other Muslims appear to have no difficulty. What one can guess is that she might have been negotiating the purchase with a Gujarati or other vegetarian owner or housing society who generally prefer to have like-minded vegetarians as neighbours, owners or tenants in their houses or apartment complexes. A Muslim, usually being non-vegetarian by habit, would therefore not be acceptable as the owner or tenant in such places. This is a fact of life in our country, which one cannot ignore, but it does not necessarily have anything to do with the religion that one professes.

We can sympathise with Shabana Azmi, but to hold on the basis of this that Indian democracy has not been fair to Muslims is unfortunate…

India’s democracy has, in fact, taken extraordinary care to be careful of the sentiments of Muslims, and minorities in general, in sharp contrast to the situation in Pakistan.

Whenever there has been a choice between a Muslim and a non-Muslim officer for a position in the secretariat of the Union government, it is generally the Muslim officer who is selected, other things being equal. Similarly, in politics, Muslims joining mainstream political parties have always had a fair deal. One can name at least three Muslims who have become Presidents of India since 1947. There are always several Muslims serving as governors of states. In the Union Cabinet as well as in state governments Muslims have always occupied important ministerial posts. There have been cases of Muslims becoming chief ministers of states where the population is overwhelmingly Hindu. Muslims have occupied very important posts in the bureaucracy at both the Centre and at the state government level.

The Sachar Committee report, which Shabana Azmi has cited, ignored all these facts and cited only the percentage of jobs in government services occupied by Muslims…

It is important for Shabana Azmi to remember that her statement will not only strengthen fundamentalists among the Muslims, but will also justify the Hindu fundamentalists’ “we told you so” attitude.

And in closing, a brief extract from an email I received from Shri Kak (a Kashmiri Hindu):

Azmi said she couldn’t buy property in Mumbai because she’s a Muslim.  Never mind that there are thousands of Muslim property owners in Mumbai, including her fellow-Muslim film professionals and including her fellow-Muslim Dawood Ibrahim.

…The jihad against Kashmiri Hindus has made us refugees in our own country, our properties taken over by Kashmiri Muslims through distress sales or simply grabbed.  Can anyone other than a State-certified Kashmiri Muslim in reality buy property in Kashmir? Can even Azmi buy property in Kashmir?  No?  Then why has she not protested about this, instead of lying about Mumbai?

Related Posts:

Literacy rates and “first claims”…

Is a reformation within Islam finally under way?

more on feroze khan

B Shantanu

Political Activist, Blogger, Advisor to start-ups, Seed investor. One time VC and ex-Diplomat. Failed mushroom farmer; ex Radio Jockey. Currently involved in Reclaiming India - One Step at a Time.

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18 Responses

  1. Tatichawla says:

    Its intriguing that even Asghar Ali Engineer baulks at even referring to Key issues when talking of reforms.

    I’ve yet to see a single Muslim commentator (without exception) who tackles the key issues of preaching hatred and violence against non-muslims….I suspect if you’re a Muslim and begin to think differently from the scripture (as is literally understood on the aforesaid matters) you’re running scared! You’ve got to worry more about saving your own skin than about ‘liberating’ others.

    Wonder which Muslim really has such courage – yet to hear about the existence of a single person… the Wafa Sultans, Ayaan Hirsi Alis et al no longer consider themselves ‘believers’. Can a ‘believer’ truly initiate any kind of reform on these aforementioned key issues?

  2. tarun garg says:

    friends
    we all know wht truth is and india knows mumbai is known as really democratic city. there is no point in discussing some fools comment. ppl like shabana azmi shows that some hard liner will never change. they are like snakes, who bite it’s owner only. if she feels indian ppl are doing injustice who has stopped her from leaveing india. this type of ppls are really harmful for peace. i feel ms.azmi is confussed abt her religion only. she wanna say something and she is doing other things. she might be not in proper condition, when she made such remarks. cos if india has not given muslims there rights then no country in world had done that. not even so called islamic countries.

    in india we have kept islamic rules above our indian goverment rules. like second marriage in india is against law but for muslim there law permit and we accept it too. same madrass are not right way of education but we allow and accept them too. there are many things in india which are just for muslim religion and we all indian follow them.
    do we have holiday for diwali in pakistan or any other country? then why we have holiday for id in india? cos we really understand there sentiments.

    as everyone knows “kuttey ki dum tedi ki tedi hi raheegi” some ppl can’t change. they have that mind set and can’t see good things.but we shd understand there tricks of dividing us and slap them by staying united.

  3. Indian says:

    Yes I agree with Tarun. No country in the world can satisfy their demands. They are always on the side of want or snatch but not to give a pinch. They are regardless. Pakistan is standing on the land of India. Now they want Kashmir. Its not India, Its their people who needs to change.

  4. Dirt digger says:

    Thanks for publishing this topic. Do read Naseeruddin Shah’s response here http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=14751865
    He basically refutes these statements and exposes the lies of Shabana and other people.

  5. Patriot says:

    @ Tarun:

    “do we have holiday for diwali in pakistan or any other country? then why we have holiday for id in india? cos we really understand there sentiments.”

    Because, India is a better country and we are better people. Do you really want to descend to the level of the Pakistanis?

    Cheers

  6. Indian says:

    Good link by Dirt digger. Yes Naseerudin is right we all get discriminated some time or other. See in Maharastra Hindus are discriminated by Hindus only. Still “Mera Baharat Mahan”. How much it costs to say! Ha..

  7. Bharat says:

    Muslims and christians in Bharat want they must be treated as special guests and offer all special privilleges at the cost of Hindus. Of course, muslims and christians deserved better treatments as they are superior religion people, while Kafers, idol worshipers are inferior species.

    Hindu’s crime, they are majority in partioned Bharat. Thats why sickular govts trying hard, Hindus should convert into muslim and christians and get special benefits. Sacchar committe, chrsitian haj subsidy etc are for this purposes. So, get converted and grab the benefits.

    Once Hindus are in minority, oppressed them, supprerssed them, terrorised them to get converted completely, else kicked out from muslim-chrsitian dominated areas or annihilate them phisically.

    Shabana did wonderful job by exposing her real FACE. It was hidden for long, now out. We must boycott such special person’s cinemas or inflict ourself.

    We should not treat snakes (trecherous species) with milk and honey.

  8. B Shantanu says:

    Some encouraging news from UK:

    …in east London Professor Amina Wadud gave (a) sermon at a centre in Oxford in what is being called a “leap forward” for equality in Islam.

    The sermon was controversial as tradition holds that Muslim religious leaders, called Imams, must always be men when there are services with both sexes.

    Some Muslims also believe it is against Islam for a woman to conduct such services.

    Prof Wadud took the service, known as a khutbah, to mark the start of a conference on Islam and feminism at Wolfson College, Oxford.

    “There’s nothing in the Koran that prohibits it,” she said.

    “My own theological research into the essence of Islam indicates the necessity for us to be able to move away from the tradition that restricted women from the practice of leading prayer.”

    The move has angered many Muslims and a small group gathered outside the college to voice their opposition.

    …Chairman of the Muslim Education Centre Oxford Dr Taj Hargey, said earlier this week he was undeterred by the possible protests, arguing the prayer service is a step in the right direction.

    More here.

  9. v.c. krishnan says:

    Dear Tarique,
    I am awaiting your comments, which I am sure will be true to heart and intriguing.
    Regards,
    vck

  10. tarique says:

    shabana azmi is entitled to her views so are her critics. forget muslims in india for a while. go to any north indian hindu village dominated by upper caste thakurs and find out if a dalit who becomes rich can build a bigger house in the same village ?? not at any cost. he will have to migrate to a smaller dalit village to do that.hatred based on caste , creed, religion stems from culture and not based on the teachings of any religion.infact if u look at the rise of various major religions of the world u will notice they all liberated the downtrodden and deprived class initially.a lot of u must read the life of ‘caliph omar’. he was second caliph of the muslims. caliph means governer. islam does not encourage monarchies and kingdoms.omar is very highly respected and regarded among jews, christians and many others for his respect of other faiths and his justice system. once as a caliph he was inspecting an ancient church which was almost in ruins. omar’s governence used to grant funds for repair of churches temples and synagogues of all faiths in his jurisdiction. while inspecting the church , there was the ‘azaan’ for the afternoon prayer. the christian priest requested omar to pray his namaaz in the church hall . omar smiled and replied ” i have no problem in prayering my namaaz here but after i m dead and gone ,some corrupt muslims will use my offering prayers here as an excuse to capture ur church ”.this church exists even today in jerusalem. this incident of omar and many more are taught today in british university’s.another incident of his when he was going to meet the head of christians for the first time in jerusalem. nobody had seen him till then in jerusalem though his governance extended all over arabia , persia, africa,central asia . he was travelling all alone on a camel with only the camel driver.omar wore torn clothes with patchwork on it.when his attendent was tired he would put him up on the camel and himself pull it.when jerusalem arrived it was the turn of omar to pull the camel.a large crowd of christians were waiting to greet their new governer.at first they failed to recognize him but when he spoke they believed who he was.islam preached love and respect , though a lot of u in here will never agree with me. the fault lies with a few greedy and bad muslims who were omar’s biggest fear.99 percent of the teachings of ‘jihad’ aree all about fighting the evil within our souls like greed, anger,jealousy,etc. in 1 percent it provides the right of ‘self defense’ in extreme cases. unfortunately a great teaching like ‘jihad’which really means ‘inner struggle’ is today recognized by ‘suicide attacks and mindless killings’. omar is described as the ‘pioneer’ of democracy in ancient times by many western historians.yet democracy today is found lacking in most of the 57 muslim majority countries today. ask a muslim today the meaning of ‘jihad ‘ and he will reply ”killing kafirs’ . who is to blame ?? islam or corrupt muslims ?

  11. B Shantanu says:

    @ Tarique: When you have a moment, can you pl, confirm the authenticity – or otherwise – of the quote I have on Jihad in this post? SRK: “Jihad…a small little word”

    Thanks.

  12. tarique says:

    *** COMMENT COMBINED ***

    bharat , why do u pick only pakistan out of the 57 muslim majority nations . why don’t u give examples of malaysia or indonesia who have hindu holidays in their country. indonesia has double the number of muslims than pakistan has.malaysia has a hindu political party called HINDRAF.

    ***

    INDONESIA HAS RETAINED ITS ANCIENT HINDU CULTURE EVEN TODAY DESPITE EMBRACING ISLAM.PLEASE DON’T SEE THE GLASS HALF EMPTY ALL THE TIME.

    ***

    THE GRIEVANCES U HAVE AGAINST ISLAM OR CHRISTANITY IS IN A LOT OF CASES NOT JUSTIFIED. REMEMBER IF U HINDUS HAD THE SAME NUMBER OF ‘HINDU MAJORITY’ NATIONS AS CHRISTIANS OR MUSLIMS UR PROBLEMS WOULD BE THE SAME .

    ***

    I KNOW A GREAT NUMBER OF HINDUS HAPPILY SETTLED IN DUBAI WITH A FLOURISHING BUSINESS.SO WHY ONLY PICK ON ROTTEN EGG PAKISTAN ALL THE TIME.

    ***

    IN THE ARAB WORLD THERE ARE MORE THAN 3 CRORE INDIANS EMPLOYED WHO EARN AND SEND BACK MONEY TO THEIR FAMILIES.THE ONLY PROBLEM IS SOME CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND RELIGIOUS CUSTOMS WHICH NOBODY HAS BOTHERED TO ADRESS OR SPEAK FRANKLY.HINDUS FEEL SURROUNDED IN INDIA BY MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS.MUSLIMS FEEL THE HINDUS IN INDIA DON’T WANT THEM TO PROSPER.CHRISTIANS FEEL HINDUS WANT TO AVAIL THEIR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES BUT NOT THEIR RELIGION.EVERYONE IS INSECURE.AND INSECURITY IS THE MOTHER OF ALL MYTHS AND PROPOGANDA.

  13. B Shantanu says:

    Some excerpts from a great piece by Sadia Dehlvi on IM:

    http://indianmuslims.in/zakir-naik-yazid-fatwa/

    Muslims In Introspection Mode

    …Recently Muslim scholars, activists and clerics got together and issued fatwas delinking Islam with terror. An eighteen coach Sheikh ul Hind Express from Deoband carrying two thousand clerics set out on a journey with a message of peace and integration.A total of six thousand clerics from twenty one states met in Hyderabad to issue more fatwas against terror activities.

    From shock and denial modes, the Indian Muslim community has begun to introspect and take positive efforts.

    Now, a collective body of Muslim clerics adhering to different schools of jurisprudence have taken another commendable step by denouncing Dr. Zakir Naik’s speeches and demanding a ban on them.

    …Anger has now peaked with Dr. Naik declaring that praying to Prophet Mohammed and seeking his intercession with God is heresy.

    I have been particularly disturbed by the growing popularity of Dr. Naik, founder of Peace TV and the president of an organization, “ The Islamic Research Foundation”. Dr. Naik is not an Islamic scholar or a cleric and can best be described as a preacher famous for his computer like memory of almost all religious scriptures including the Bible, Vedas and the Quran.

    A medical doctor by training and inspired by the late Indian born South African evangelist Sheikh Ahmed Deedat, Dr. Naik loves to debate with Hindus on the Vedas, with Jains about vegetarianism and atheists on religion and science. In the garb of interfaith dialogues, Dr. Naik not just runs down all major religions, but also rubbishes as haraam (sinful) all Muslim devotional aspects that differ from his viewpoint.

    In the subcontinent, Islam is the legacy of Sufis who gave us traditions of syncretism and communal harmony. Their tombs remain our historical, cultural and religious reference points. Through condemning Sufi followers as “grave worshippers”, Salafi and Wahabi ideology inspired speakers such as Dr. Naik reject an entire historical body of Islamic scholarship, jurisprudence and almost eighty percent of Islamic literature.

    Terror has never been traced to Muslims pledging devotion to Sufis. Investigation reports on Kafeel reveal that the Glasgow bomber was deeply influenced by Dr.Naik’s rhetoric. This variety of Muslim evangelists is largely responsible for sowing seeds of intolerance in Muslim youth. The young educated Muslims joining terror outfits are clearly misled by their confrontationist attitudes. Without classical scholarship and guidance, religion can go horribly wrong.

    Dr. Naik is on record saying, “ If Osama bin Laden is terrorising America or the enemies of Islam, every Muslim should become a terrorist. If someone is terrorising a terrorist, he is following Islam.” Excerpts of this video are circulating on the Internet, damaging the already wounded perception of Islam and its followers.

    Social injustices cannot be used as a theme to create havoc and destruction in society.

    …If Muslims insist that Hindutva ideologues be quietened, we must do the same with Muslim radicals.

    …The current battle within the Muslim community is between the Islam of Prophet Mohammed and the modern Khwarijis who are waging a war of terror using Islamic terminology under the banner of Muslim faith.

    Dialogue within the Muslim community on what form the rightful Islamic traditions has long been overdue. Thankfully, Muslims are now on an alert mode, identifying and rejecting intolerant elements within their own people.

  14. v.c.krishnan says:

    Dear Shantanu,
    SURPRISE! SURPRISE! If the speech of Asghar Ali is coming from his heart waht are we discussing about.
    Sanatana Dharma is by it self a way of life; Who practices a way of Life, it is a HUMAN BEING. An animal does not have a way of life but lives by its instinct. This comment is for my detractors who are going to be many.
    Santana Dharma also preaches that there is no STATE but all Human Beings live the way of life that is equating for all!
    “The modern society is emphatic about human equality without any distinction and human rights and gender equality are of great significance and hence democracy is the only way out for Qur’anic concept of just society to be realized..”
    Hey Shantanu are my eyes betraying me?
    If this is not a copy of Sanatana Dharma what else can be!!
    The distortion by the elite of the true Sanatana Dharma has corrupted it to such an extent that today we are fighting tooth and nail to fix it and make repairs to it and remove the cobwebs of deceit and hatred so that the beauty of it can be exposed.
    The true Sanatana Dharma calls for (excuse me, for I am going to reroduce what has been qouted by Shri Asghar here) “The modern society is emphatic about human equality without any distinction and human rights and gender equality are of great significance”
    If what modern society is looking for is what is given above then Sanatana Dharma and Islam have given it Thousands of years ago!
    “Another objection raised by many Islamists is that in secular democratic states human rights are sacred and the very concept of human rights is un-Islamic. This is also not in keeping with the Qur’anic teachings”
    I totally disagree with this statement. If we read from what Shri. Tarique states, JIHAD by itself a sort of fight in the Human Mind of fight between evil and good and the word has been misused by many Mulims not understanding the true meaning of it.
    If this is the case how can it be that Islam does not recogonise “Human Rights”!! It is very surprising. To be human would mean living with Human Rights and when Islam can state that “Jihad” is to be used in the right sense to make a better human being of you, where is the Conflict?
    Either Shri Asghar has got it wrong or Shri. Tarique has got it wrong.
    I would like to have your comments on the same.
    Regards,
    vck

  15. B Shantanu says:

    @ vck: I think you misread the excerpt.

    Asghar and Tarique are both right…and are saying the same thing.

    It is the “Islamists” who say that the concept of human rights is un-Islamic.

  16. B Shantanu says:

    Excerpts from Logic does not apply by Barry Rubin (Link courtesy Sh. Krishen Kak).

    …Let me stress that the following is not typical but it is revealing.

    On November 12, 2008, MEMRI published its video clip No 1903 which you can see at http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1903.htm. It is from a television show aired on October 31, 2008.

    First, I will tell you what it says, which is profoundly shocking. But then I will give you reasons why it is far more shocking than you thought.

    The person being interviewed proposes that Arab men sexually harass Israeli women as a new means of resistance against Israel. “They are fair game for all Arabs,” the interviewee explains, because they “rape the land” by their very existence.

    Might this cause a legal problem if an Egyptian or Jordanian rapes an Israeli tourist? No problem, the interviewee explains, “Most Arab countries do not have sexual harassment laws. Therefore, if (Arab women) are fair game for Arab men, there is nothing wrong with Israeli women being fair game as well.”

    …Now you might say that is pretty shocking. Even in the context of Arab political discussion, the above-quoted position is very different. There are many Arabs who would disagree and even ridicule such an idea.

    And yet it still tells us a great deal about mainstream thinking and the weakness of moderation.

    Consider these points:

    The person saying this, Nagla al-Imam is a woman…

    …She is a secular young woman, not an Islamist or even a traditionalist.

    …She is a lawyer, meaning she has a high level of modern education and intelligence.

    …She is from Egypt, not Saudi Arabia. Egypt is a country which has been formally at peace with Israel for almost 30 years and an ally of the United States.

    *** End of Excerpts ***

    Below are excerpts from a somewhat related article on the position of women in Islam by Sh Kak, provocatively titled, “HOW SHOULD MY HUSBAND BEAT ME?“.

    In The Hindu, Magazine section, Oct 19, 2003, Nighat Gandhi wrote an eloquent piece titled “In the shadow of inequality” in which the oppression of Muslim women by Muslim men and Muslim male systems was bemoaned, and that Muslim women read the Koran in translation and become aware of their God-given rights was recommended.

    In an open correspondence (copies to others) I responded as follows (23/10/03):

    “…..You advocate that Muslim women should read the Quran translated into their mother tongues, and not in the original Arabic. But wasn’t the Word of God revealed only in Arabic, so how is a Muslim woman – or anyone else – to know that the translation reports God’s Word authentically?

    Assume I am a Muslim woman and my mother tongue is English. Here are six translations of the Koran 4.34 that is the basic verse in regard to us:

    “Men are superior to women on account of the qualities with which God has gifted the one above the other, and on account of the outlay they make from their substance for them. Virtuous women are obedient, careful, during the husband’s absence, because God has of them been careful. But chide those for whose refractoriness you have cause to fear; remove them into beds apart, and scourge them: but if they are obedient to you, then seek not occasion against them: verily, God is High, Great!” (Rodwell’s version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34)

    “Men have authority over women because God has made the one superior to the other, and because they spend their wealth to maintain them. Good women are obedient. They guard their unseen parts because God has guarded them. As for those from whom you fear disobedience, admonish them and send them to beds apart and beat them. Then if they obey you, take no further action against them. Surely God is high, supreme.” (Dawood’s version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34)

    “Men are in charge of women, because Allah has made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah has guarded. As for those from whom you fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High Exalted, Great.” (Pickthall’s version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34)

    “Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another, and for that they have expended of their property. Righteous women are therefore obedient, guarding the secret for God’s guarding. And those you fear may be rebellious admonish; banish them to their couches, and beat them. If they then obey you, look not for any way against them; God is All high, All great.” (Arberry’s version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34)

    “Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in their sleeping places and beat them; then if they obey you, do not seek a way against them; surely Allah is High, Great. (Shakir’s version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34)

    “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband’s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whom part you fear disloyalty and ill conduct, admonish them (first), (next), refuse to share their beds, (and last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance) for Allah is Most High, Great (above you all). (Ali’s version of the Koran, Quran, 4:34)

    I understand the sixth translator interpolated the bracketed words. You will see that there are significant variations in the six versions. Now, as a disobedient wife, not only can my husband deprive me of sexual relations (with him, and therefore totally, since I’m told – I don’t know Arabic – only men are authorised by God to have sex outside marriage) but the degree of pain/humiliation God authorises my husband to inflict on me is naturally of considerably import to me: there is a major difference between beating (lightly?) and scourging. Does God want my husband to tap me on the cheek, give me a tight slap, buffet me, or whip me, or any or all according to his mood? Of course, I don’t suppose it matters to me as a woman (Muslim or not) that God does not give females any comparable right over their errant males. And while my husband can deny me sex, I must always be availabe to him (2.223).

    You refer to oppression by Muslim men, and Muslim women claiming their God-granted rights. Do I presume correctly that here we must distinguish between sub-categories of women (Muslim/infidel/slave/captive – e.g., 23.6, 70.30) since not only has God apparently granted preferential rights to all Muslim men over women as a category, but the rights appear to vary amongst the sub-categories.

    In the context of your impassioned plea for enabling “Muslim women to climb out of the black hole of ignorance, inequality, and indignity”, and your very valid critique that historically almost all interpretation of God’s Word has been by men, I am not quoting from the Hadith but only from the Quran (because only the latter is actually God’s Word; the former are interpretations mainly by males and, as you note, “it is safe to say that they can’t be relied upon to produce interpretations that are favourable to women’s rights”). Again, I don’t suppose it matters to me as a woman (Muslim or not) that God, the Archangel Gabriel, and The Prophet are also all male – but, perhaps, as is suggested from your essay, these three are really pre-Islamic (“the first person to accept Islam was Khadija”) and we may define them as incapable of gender bias.

    You report Khadija was “an independent and wealthy businesswoman”. Clearly, pre-Islamic women had civic and commercial rights in addition to the freedom/right to choose their husbands, even much younger men and from amongst their employees. In the context of the “struggle for the rights to Muslim women” of which you write, please do clarify whether Khadija, after accepting Islam, retained her civic/commercial rights, or did she become subordinate in these and all other respects to her former employee? We know that God granted Muslim men polygamous rights – but did God grant women comparable rights to polyandry and divorce?

    From the feminist perspective, the only Islamic law should be the Quran itself. As you suggest, all else is interpretation, and women have as much a right to interpret as men, including interpretation of the Quran itself. I’m not clear why you lay so much stress on the translated Quran. Instead, for Muslim women to understand God’s Word correctly, I believe it is imperative that they all learn to read the Quran in Arabic. Or alternatively, that authorised versions by women scholars be brought out…..”

    In reply, Gandhi (now writing as Majid) clarified (24/10/03):

    “…..The Quran is written in classical Arabic, and even native Arabic speakers are unable to understand classical Arabic easily. So that’s one reason for my suggestion. Secondly, there is a tradition among muslims in the sub-continent to make their children learn to read the Quran in Arabic, without understanding a word of it. You’ll come across many many women whose only education consists of reading and /or memorizing the arabic script of the Quran. Which is why I think, it would be better for such women to read it in their own language, provided they are literate in that language….

    As far as interpretation goes, even when scholars have read the Quran in Arabic, they have come up with differring interpretaions. There is no guarantee that reading it in Arabic would give somebody an interpretation which is unanimous across history and across cultures. As you yourself cite from the verses about women, in which men are supposed to be the protectors and maintainers of women, there can be several interpretations of it, even when interpreted by those who know Arabic. The verses you have quoted are the subject of active discourse among muslim women scholars of the Quran….They propose that the Quran can’t be interpreted in isolation from the socio-cultural and historical context in which it was revealed.

    Men were (or can be ) a degree above women because of their financial superiority over women, and can claim to be protectors or maintainers of women if the woman is not economically independant. If a woman is economically independant, no man has a right to be her maintainer or protector. This is a contextual interpretation of those verses by some contemporary women scholars.

    AS far as I know, Khadija was able to maintain her business and her independance after marriage. Islam grants women the rights to retian their property after marriage, and there is no need for the wife to hand over her property or other income to her husband. Or to even change her surname. However, this is a far cry from what happens in reality today……”

    But my very specific question about how I’m to be beaten hadn’t been answered. So I wrote again (24/10/03):

    “…..As far as I understand, the Quran is a defining and a definitive text – it is THE and only identifying text for Muslims…Morever, the Quran literally represents the Word of God. And God’s Word was revealed in (classical) Arabic. To a true Muslim, adherence to God’s Will as revealed through His Word is NECESSARY. Okay, given the revelation was in classical Arabic, it needs authorised interpreters to translate it AUTHENTICALLY, so that the true Muslim knows s/he is conforming to God’s Will.

    To interpret contextually, which is clearly what you favour, is to go beyond and outside the defining/definitive text. For example, you interpret 4.34 only in terms of financial superiority. But isn’t this sociocentric? Why must superiority be linked to earning capacity? Why not to learning? So that a learned wife can be considered superior to her husband even as he provides for her financially? A plain reading of 4.34 (I use the Pickthall translation) has God DEFINING men as superior to women. That women earn or have their own property does not – at least in 4.34 – change their hierarchical inferiority in relation to men. It is as the Ali Brothers said of Mahatma Gandhi, that even the worst Muslim is definitively superior to the Mahatma.

    Context can also be disputed. In a letter in The Pioneer, Sept 5, 2003, Mr Badrul Islam of Aligarh wrote that “before Islam’s advent, women in Saudi Arabia were treated worse than animals. They were buried alive, and the birth of a girl in any family was thought of as a curse. Islam gave to women status and honour equal to men domestically and socially”. I’ve heard this version of pre-Islamic history from a leading Indian (woman) feminist too. Indeed, it seems to be the popularly accepted version. Yet, surely Khadija’s example that you gave was not a unique case. And she was socially and financially superior to the man she married. So, in acquiring equality, she actually lost status!

    Whom are we to believe?

    And so who is to approve an interpretation as authentic? So far, generally speaking, in the Islamic world such interpretation has been by mullahs and through fatwas. There was a recent news item that there are now mullahnis (do I have the words right??) in Hyderabad who have been deemed competent (note, by males!!) to issue fatwas but (if I recall correctly) only in matters pertaining strictly to women. However, at least that is a beginning. Frankly, in regard to determining God’s Word for ourselves across the world, I don’t see any alternative to authorised versions in the different languages – though, as we know, every translation takes away from the original (especially crucial in this case, because it is the original that is God’s Word) and, as we know from the history of the Bible or, from the example of the six versions of 4.34 that I quoted, meanings do change across versions.

    I think the essence of the point I’m trying to make is in my question that you did not answer. A “good” woman is an “obedient” woman – this has nothing to do with my earning capacity, but is as God says it. As a disobedient wife, must I be tapped on my cheek, or flayed with a whip? If you say wives who are not obedient should not suffer corporal punishment because times have changed, I respectfully submit to you that you are committing blasphemy.”

    And Majid replied (29/10/03):

    “According to Muslims, the Quran is the definitive text for them. Agreed. However, I don’t see a problem in interpreting it in the light of prevailing contemporary social and clutural conditions. As an example, Islam does not outright abolish the institution of slavery. What are we to make of that? it does place great emphasis on freeing slaves, and provides several methods and opprotunites for doing so. Islam also allows men to have sexual relationships with their slave women. Since the institution of slavery does not exist in our culture, it follows that, the passages pertaining to it, can’t be applied in our present time. I think that’s the approach I would take with the question of men being the maintaners/protectors of women. If the socio-cultural context for such superiority can be abolished, then that precept can’t be applied to present-day gender relations. Which is why my great emphasis on the educational and economic empowerment of muslim women.

    And if the first step towards this empowerment can come from a thorough knowledge of their religious book, the Quran, well, let’s use it as an empowerment tool. It’s a tool, and if used with creativity, like all tools, the fruits of this endeavor may offer some happy and unexpected consequences.

    My reference to economic reasons for men’s perceived superiority over women was simply an assertion of the fact that so often, it is due to their superior financial assets that men are able to exercise their power over women, and even over other men.

    The Ali brothers may have said that illogical thing about Gandhi, but no enlightened muslim or other human being can possibly endorse such a statement. I would again urge that we (esp women) need to pay more attention to the ethical and egalitarian voice of Islam, where it is clear that the most righteous person (man or woman) is the closest to God. And not one who is muslim only through birth or conversion.

    As far as the status of women in pre-islamic Arabia, I’m not an expert in that area. My limited knowledge tells me that it wasn’t an all out bleak scenario, which is what most male Muslim scholars would have you believe. There were aspects of women’s lives that afforded them more independance then. Some tribes allowed the practice of polyandry, and women were also renowned as poets and ran their own businesses. Did Islam lower that status? it might be appropriate to say that it refashioned it. It did allow women more rights in many areas. But it restricted others, for instance, it abolished polyandry. Then again, I’m not an expert in this area, and my concern is more with the plight of women in our present times.

    Adherence to social roles is stressed in Islam. So wives are expected to perform their duties, but so are husbands. My reading tells me that each has to adhere to their roles, in order to maintain the family, familial harmony and social order. The gender heirarchy that you mention in spousal relationships is something that the male ulema have reinforced, to their own advantage and ofcourse, to maintain the status quo. And unless a substantial number of new women (re)interpreters of the Quran free themsleves from the patriarchal mindset, and take a woman-centered approach to Islam, I don’t see much change taking place in gender relations in muslim societies.”

    Fair enough, but note my unanswered question – how am I to be beaten by my husband?

    So I wrote once more (3/11/03):

    “The basic point, as you so very rightly indicate, is whether the Quran is to be taken literally or contextually. My submission is that, given that it is the Word of God, an interpretation can be contextual only when there is an ambiguity in the Word. When the Word is unambiguous, there is no scope for interpretation. Such is the case with the (at any rate, sexual and role) submissiveness mandated by 4.34 and 2.223. Interpreting differently from the plain text would be to question the Word of God, and that is blasphemy punishable (if I am not mistaken) by death. How else, Nighat ji, am I to interpret your repeatedly avoiding answering a very specific question I’ve requested you more than once to answer ??

    A useful analogy in regard to literalism vs contextualism can be drawn from the historical development of Christianity. I shall be happy to place it before you for your comments but, Nighat ji, you must forgive me for suggesting that a rational discussion to be continued fruitfully needs to face issues – and answer questions – boldly and honestly !”

    And that was that!!
    Till today Majid/Gandhi has not explained how a good Muslim husband must obey God’s commandment to beat a disobedient wife.

    My position is very straightforward:

    The Holy Koran is God’s Word revealed to His Only Prophet.
    To question God’s Word is blasphemy; to deny it is apostasy, punishable with death.
    Through Koran 4.34, God DEFINES women as subordinate to men and ORDAINS that a disobedient wife be beaten. There is NO ambiguity about this whatever, and the husband – or other interpreter of Koran 4.34 – commits blasphemy by questioning this, or apostasy by denying it. (Hence the woolly evasion by Majid/Gandhi?).

    The only ambiguity is apparently in how the disobedient wife must be beaten. It is here that interpretation can be contextual. (But that would require Majid/Gandhi to publicly accept women are subordinate to men, so the answer is to be carefully evaded – see what is happening to Taslima Nasreen).

    Perhaps my reasoning is erroneous. In which case, would some kind reader reply on behalf of Majid/Gandhi.

    How does God want my husband to beat me??.

    PS
    As for Majid/Gandhi claiming “the Ali brothers may have said that illogical thing about Gandhi, but no enlightened muslim or other human being can possibly endorse such a statement “, Mahatma Gandhi himself held up the Ali Brothers as “good Mussalmans”, as being among the “purest and most patriotic representatives” of the Muslim!

    Full article here

    ***************

  17. B Shantanu says:

    Excerpts from Misogynist Mullahs and their flurry of fatwas by Yoginder Sikand:

    ..Over the years, I have read considerable material by and about the madrassas and visited several dozens of them across India. Although charges about madrassas being involved in training terrorists are unfounded, the allegation that they teach obscurantist and ultra-reactionary beliefs in the garb of Islam can’t be dismissed. Nor can the assertion that such beliefs lead to extremism and even violence be ignored. Such beliefs constitute a major hurdle in Muslims’ progress and play a vital role in keeping Muslims shackled under the sway of a class of patriarchal and narrow-minded clerics.

    Certain views widely-shared among the ulema regarding matters like women’s rights are simply unacceptable in any civilized society. Reformist Muslims might argue that these views represent a distortion of “true” Islam, that they are based largely on fake stories wrongly attributed to the Prophet or patriarchal inventions of the ‘fuqaha’ (specialists in Islamic jurisprudence) but the mullahs have a ready answer to shut them up. In accordance with a report that they attribute to the Prophet, it’s they (so they insist) who are the heirs of the Prophet (waris-e anbiya), and, hence, entitled to speak on Islam. The madrassas, they claim, are “fortresses of the faith”.

    …After Deoband created a storm with a fatwa declaring it unlawful for Muslim women to work outside homes, I read the website of Darul-Ifta, the house of fatwas, in which a section is devoted to fatwa on women’s issues. A random search revealed some blood-curdling examples of Deobandi wisdom.

    These are reproduced verbatim:

    Asalamu-Alikum: Can Muslim women in India do govt or pvt jobs? Shall their salary be Halal, Haram or Prohibited? It’s unlawful for Muslim women to do job in government or private institutions where men and women work together and women have to talk with men frankly and without veil.

    Mufti Saab, please guide me on the issue that why women have to cover the face? Kindly provide proofs. May Allah reward you in abandon. If a young lady comes in front of ‘ghair mahram’ with open face, there is fear of ‘fitnah’, hence it’s necessary for her to cover her face.

    Can a man along with his ‘mahram’ travel with a ‘ghair mahram’? If yes, upto what distance? Can a women travel with a male servant (driver) who is a ‘ghair mahram’ in the city for educational reasons, etc? If yes, upto what distance?

    She can travel within 78km observing hijab. She is not allowed to travel alone with non-mahram driver, even if within 78km. Then also it’s unlawful; since she will be in privacy with a non-mahram.

  18. B Shantanu says:

    Re. Islam and bblasphemy, placing this here for the record:
    Islamic TV channel fined £85,000 for inciting violence:

    Noor TV, which is owned by Al Ehya Digital Television, broadcasts both in the UK and internationally on Sky.

    The programme in question, Paigham-e-Mustafa, was broadcast on 3 May 2012.

    Presenter Allama Muhammad Farooq Nizami answered questions from viewers around the world about a wide range of issues relating to Islam.

    One caller asked what the punishment was for anyone showing disrespect for Prophet Muhammad.

    Nizami answered that “there is no disagreement about this. There is absolutely no doubt about it that the punishment for the person who shows disrespect for the Prophet is death.”